Outline

Introduction
- The wood damage responsible agents
- Intensity of biological attacks
- Wood preservation technique

The different processes for wood treatment

Radial impregnation processes
- Common characteristics
- Superficial impregnation processes
- Deep impregnation by pressure process in closed vessel

Axial impregnation processes
- Common characteristics
- Deep impregnation by BOUCHERIE process
- Integral impregnation by axial injection
- Integral impregnation by radial - axial injection process
- Physical principles giving birth to those performances

Note on environmental aspects

Conclusion

Figures
- Figure 1  : Circuits of ascending sap and descending sap
- Figure 2  : Principles for radial processes
- Figure 3  : Principles for axial processes
- Figure 4  : Curve for chemical density for different processes - lengthwise
- Figure 5  : Curve for chemical density for different processes - widthwise

Annexes
- Annex 1  : Treatment by pressure in closed vessel
- Annex 2  : Description of the internal rot mechanism
- Annex 3  : Aspects of internal rot on untreated hearwood poles
- Annex 4  : Other aspects of internal rot on untreated heartwood poles
- Annex 5  : Description of the external rot at the groundline level
- Annex 6  : Illustration of severe damages of external rot at the groundline area of poles
- Annex 7  : Examples of damages caused in the network by failure of poles at the groundline
- Annex 8  : Illustration of an additional treatment to reach the heartwood - Cobra process
- Annex 9  : Examples of using of bandages at the groundline as a remedial treatment process
- Annex 10  : Use of base of poles made of concrete to avoid tot at the groundlline
- Annex 11  : Sights of weak traditional Boucherie process equipements
- Annex 12  : Sight of a radial - axial injected pole